ʻO ka helu kālā oʻāpana metalahe loli a pili i nā kaha kiʻi kikoʻī. ʻAʻole ia he lula mau. Pono ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻano hana hana ʻāpana metala. ʻO ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, ʻo ke kumukūʻai o ka huahana = uku waiwai + uku hoʻoili + (uku hoʻoponopono i luna) + ʻauhau like ʻole + loaʻa. Inā makemake ka pepa metala i nā ʻōpala, e hoʻohui ʻia nā uku mold.
Uku mold (e hoʻohālikelike i ka helu liʻiliʻi o nā kikowaena i koi ʻia no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana e pili ana i ke ʻano hana hana metala, 1 kahua = 1 set of molds)
1. I loko o ka mold, koho ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau like ʻole e like me ke kumu o ka mold: ka nui o ka mīkini hana, ka nui o ka hana, nā koi pololei, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe;
2. Nā mea waiwai (e like me ke kumukūʻai i helu ʻia, e hoʻolohe inā he ʻano kila kūikawā a inā pono e lawe ʻia mai);
3. ʻO ka ukana (nā kumu kūʻai o ka lawe ʻana i ka metala nui);
4. Auhau;
5. 15 ~ 20% ka hooponopono a me ke kuai waiwai uku;
ʻO ka nui o ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā ʻāpana metala maʻamau = uku waiwai + uku hana + ʻāpana maʻamau paʻa + hoʻonaninani ʻili + kālā, uku hoʻokele + uku ʻauhau.
I ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mold, helu mākou i ke kaumaha o ka ʻupena o ka mea * (1.2~1.3) = ke kaumaha nui, a helu i ke kumu kūʻai ma muli o ke kaumaha nui * kumu kūʻai o ka mea; koina hana = (1~1.5) * koina waiwai; ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ua helu ʻia lākou ma muli o ke kaumaha o nā ʻāpana. ʻEhia ke kumu kūʻai o hoʻokahi kilokani hapa? ʻEhia ka nui o ke kumu kūʻai hoʻokahi mika square o ka pipi ʻana? No ka laʻana, helu ʻia ka nickel plating e pili ana i ka 8 ~ 10/kg, ka uku waiwai + uku hana + paʻa paʻa. ʻO nā ʻāpana + ka hoʻonaninani ili = ke kumukūʻai, hiki ke koho maʻamau e like me ke kumukūʻai * (15%~20%); ʻauhau ʻauhau = (koki + kālā, uku hoʻokele) * 0.17. Aia kekahi memo ma kēia manaʻo: ʻaʻole pono e komo ka ʻauhau.
Ke koi ʻia ka hana nui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā molds, ua māhele ʻia ka ʻōlelo i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a me nā ʻāpana ʻāpana. Inā hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai hoʻoili ʻāpana, a pono e hōʻoia ʻia ka huina kālā e ka nui o ka hana. ʻO ke kumu kūʻai o nā mea maka i loko o kā mākou hale hana ʻo ia ka ʻupena ʻupena i hoʻemi ʻia ka helu hoʻohana waiwai. No ka mea, e loaʻa nā pilikia me nā mea i koe ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā o ka hana blanking ohana metala. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kekahi o lākou i kēia manawa, akā hiki ke kūʻai ʻia kekahi ma ke ʻano he ʻōpala.
ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka metala ʻO ka hoʻolālā kumukūʻai o nā ʻāpana metala ua māhele ʻia i nā ʻāpana aʻe:
1. Koki waiwai
ʻO ke kumu kūʻai waiwai e pili ana i ke kumu kūʻai ʻupena e like me nā koi kiʻi = ka nui o nā mea * ka nui o nā mea * kumu kūʻai ʻāpana.
2. ʻO nā kumu kūʻai maʻamau
E pili ana i ke kumukūʻai o nā ʻāpana maʻamau i koi ʻia e nā kiʻi.
3. Uku hana
E pili ana i nā koina hana i koi ʻia no kēlā me kēia kaʻina hana e pono ai ka hana ʻana i ka huahana. No nā kikoʻī e pili ana i ka haku ʻana o kēlā me kēia kaʻina hana, e ʻoluʻolu e nānā i ka "Cost Accounting Format" a me "Cost Composition Table of each Process". Ua helu ʻia nā ʻāpana koina kaʻina hana nui no ka wehewehe ʻana.
1) CNC blanking
ʻO kāna kumu kūʻai = ka hoʻemi ʻana o nā lako a me ka amortization + koina hana + nā mea kōkua a me ka hoʻemi ʻana o nā lako a me ka amortization:
Ua helu ʻia ka hoʻemi ʻana o nā lako ma muli o 5 mau makahiki, a ʻo kēlā me kēia makahiki i kākau ʻia he 12 mahina, 22 lā o ka mahina, a me 8 mau hola o ka lā.
No ka laʻana: no 2 miliona yuan o nā lako, hoʻemi ʻia nā lako i kēlā me kēia hola = 200*10000/5/12/22/8=189.4 yuan / hola
Uku hana:
Pono kēlā me kēia CNC i nā ʻenehana 3 e hana. ʻO ka awelika o ka mahina o kēlā me kēia technician he 1,800 yuan. Hana lākou i nā lā 22 o ka mahina, 8 mau hola o ka lā, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kumukūʻai o ka hola = 1,800 * 3/22/8=31 yuan / hola. ʻO ke kumu kūʻai o nā mea kōkua: e pili ana i nā mea hana kōkua e like me nā lubricants a me nā wai liʻiliʻi e pono ai no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana ma kahi o 1,000 yuan i kēlā me kēia mahina no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana. Ma muli o 22 mau lā o ka mahina a me 8 mau hola i kēlā me kēia lā, ke kumukūʻai o ka hola = 1,000/22/8 = 5.68 yuan / hola.
1) Piʻo
ʻO kāna kumu kūʻai = ka hoʻemi ʻana o nā lako a me ka amortization + koina hana + nā mea kōkua a me ka hoʻemi ʻana o nā lako a me ka amortization:
Ua helu ʻia ka hoʻemi ʻana o nā lako ma muli o 5 mau makahiki, a ʻo kēlā me kēia makahiki i kākau ʻia he 12 mahina, 22 lā o ka mahina, a me 8 mau hola o ka lā.
No ka laʻana: no nā lako waiwai ʻo RMB 500,000, hoʻemi ʻia nā lako i kēlā me kēia minuke = 50*10000/5/12/22/8/60=0.79 yuan/minuke. He 10 kekona a hiki i ka 100 kekona e kulou ai i hoʻokahi piko, no laila e emi iho ka waiwai o ka mea hana no ka mea hana kulou. =0.13-1.3 yuan/ pahi. Uku hana:
Pono kēlā me kēia ʻāpana mea hana i hoʻokahi ʻenehana e hana. ʻO ka awelika o ka mahina o kēlā me kēia technician he 1,800 yuan. Hana ʻo ia i nā lā 22 o ka mahina, 8 mau hola o ka lā, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ke kumu kūʻai i kēlā me kēia minuke he 1,800/22/8/60=0.17 yuan/minuke, a ʻo ke kumu kūʻai maʻamau i kēlā me kēia minuke he 1,800 yuan/mahina. Hiki iā ia ke hana i nā piko 1-2, no laila: ke kumu kūʻai o ka hana ma ka piko = 0.08-0.17 yuan/knife ke kumu kūʻai o nā mea kōkua:
ʻO ke kumukūʻai o kēlā me kēia mahina o nā mea kōkua no kēlā me kēia mīkini kuʻi he 600 yuan. Ma muli o 22 mau lā o ka mahina a me 8 mau hola i ka lā, ke kumukūʻai o ka hola = 600/22/8/60=0.06 yuan / pahi
1) Lapaʻau ʻili
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā kumukūʻai hoʻoheheʻe i waho o ke kumukūʻai kūʻai (e like me ka electroplating, oxidation):
Uku pāpaʻi = uku mea pauda + uku hana + uku mea kōkua + hoʻemi ʻana o nā lako
Uku waiwai pauda: Hoʻokumu ʻia ke ʻano helu helu ma nā mika square. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o kēlā me kēia kilokika o ka pauka mai 25-60 yuan (pili nui i nā koi o ka mea kūʻai aku). Hiki i kēlā me kēia kilokika o ka pauka ke hoʻopuʻu i 4-5 mau mika square. Uku waiwai pauda = 6-15 yuan/ mika mika
Uku hana: He 15 kanaka i ka laina pulupulu, ua uku ia kela kanaka keia kanaka he 1,200 yuan/mahina, 22 la o ka mahina, 8 hora o ka la, a hiki ke pulupulu 30 mau mika kuea i ka hora. Uku hana=15*1200/22/8/30=3.4 yuan/ mika mika
Uku mea kōkua: pili nui i ke kumukūʻai o ka wai hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua a me ka wahie i hoʻohana ʻia i ka umu hoʻōla. He 50,000 yuan i kēlā me kēia mahina. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia ma luna o 22 mau lā o ka mahina, 8 mau hola i ka lā, a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i 30 mau mika square i kēlā me kēia hola.
Uku mea kōkua = 9.47 yuan/ mika mika
ʻO ka hoʻemi ʻana o nā lako: ʻO ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i ka laina spraying he 1 miliona, a ʻo ka depreciation e pili ana i 5 mau makahiki. ʻO Kekemapa ia i kēlā me kēia makahiki, 22 mau lā o ka mahina, 8 mau hola o ka lā, a hoʻopuʻu i 30 mau mika square i kēlā me kēia hola. ʻO ke kumukūʻai hoʻemi o nā lako = 100 * 10000/5/12/22/8/30 = 3.16 yuan / mika mika. ʻO ke kumukūʻai hoʻoheheʻe ʻana = 22-32 yuan / mika mika. Inā makemake ʻia ka ʻōpala pale ʻāpana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai.
4.Uku hoʻopili
Ma muli o ka huahana, ʻokoʻa nā koi o ka pahu a ʻokoʻa ke kumukūʻai, maʻamau 20-30 yuan / cubic mika.
5. Uku hookele kaa
Hoʻopili ʻia nā kumukūʻai hoʻouna i ka huahana.
6. Na lilo hooponopono
ʻElua ʻāpana nā lilo hoʻokele: hoʻolimalima hale hana, wai a me ka uila a me nā lilo kālā. Hoolimalima hale hana, ka wai a me ka uila:
ʻO 150,000 yuan ka hoʻolimalima ʻana o ka hale hana no ka wai a me ka uila, a ʻo ke kumukūʻai hoʻopuka o kēlā me kēia mahina he 4 miliona. ʻO ka hapa o ka hoʻolimalima hale hana no ka wai a me ka uila i ka waiwai hoʻopuka he = 15/400 = 3.75%. Nā lilo kālā:
Ma muli o ka mismatch ma waena o ka loaʻa ʻana a me ka uku ʻana (kūʻai mākou i nā mea i ke kālā a hana nā mea kūʻai aku i kēlā me kēia mahina i loko o 60 mau lā), pono mākou e hoʻopaʻa i ke kālā no ka liʻiliʻi o 3 mau mahina, a ʻo ka uku panakō he 1.25-1.5%.
No laila: pono e helu ʻia nā lilo hoʻokele ma kahi o 5% o ka huina kūʻai kūʻai.
7. Ka waiwai
Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka hoʻomohala lōʻihi o ka ʻoihana a me ka lawelawe ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mea kūʻai aku, ʻo kā mākou wahi waiwai ʻo 10% -15%.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-06-2023
